The Biden administration has not completely ruled out the possibility of conducting underground nuclear tests if circumstances demand so. This has been made amply clear in the US Department of Energy (DoE) and the National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA) report to the US Congress this month. The report, which delves into the details about various aspects of the current status of America’s nuclear weapons programme, says: “The US must be ready to perform underground nuclear explosive tests using a test article.”